Wind Energy: The wind, engine of the energy transition

Since time immemorial, the wind has been a determining force in shaping landscapes, dispersing seeds, and regulating the climate. Today, its role as a source of renewable energy has taken on greater relevance 

It is an ally of living beings and their evolution, has been harnessed by humans for diverse tasks such as grinding grain in windmills, sailing, and pumping water. 

But how does this natural force work? The answer is found in the differences in pressure in the Earth's atmosphere, which are mainly caused by temperature differences. The wind is the movement of air from high pressure areas to low pressure areas. Thus, for example, on the highest mountain tops it is perceived with greater intensity due to the altitude, the landscape, and the differences in pressure.

In areas where it blows the strongest, this force can be used as an efficient alternative to generate electricity and meet energy demand. In fact, renewable sources reached a new all-time high in annual generation last year, with wind power taking the lead.  

The infrastructure to transform wind into wind power is divided into two large types of farms. On one hand, there are onshore wind turbines installed on land, usually in areas with constant winds. On the other hand, there are offshore wind farms located in the sea, where winds are stronger and more constant. They are more efficient, but their construction and maintenance require higher investments. 

No matter where it comes from, wind energy has significant benefits:

• Reduced emissions: it does not generate greenhouse gases, which contributes to decarbonization.
• Inexhaustible resource: unlike fossil fuels, wind is an unlimited resource.
• Low environmental impact: although the installation of wind turbines can have an impact on the environment, their ecological footprint is lower compared to other energy sources.
• Energy independence: allows for diversification of the energy matrix and reduction of dependence on imported fuels.

Wind energy outlook in Spain, Europe and the world

Spain is one of the world's leaders in wind power, with an installed capacity of 32,104 MW last year, according to Red Eléctrica. In 2023, wind became the country’s leading source of electricity generation, contributing more than 24% of the electricity consumed. Communities such as Castilla y León, Galicia, and Aragón lead in production thanks to their favorable winds.

In Europe, wind also represents a key pillar in the energy transition. Germany, Denmark and the United Kingdom have developed ambitious offshore projects, while countries such as France and Sweden are increasing their installed capacity. In 2023, the European Union generated more than 17% of its electricity from this renewable source, according to data from WindEurope.

Globally, China is the largest producer of wind energy, with an installed capacity of over 380 Gigawatts (GW), followed by the United States. Latin America and Africa have also begun to develop their potential, with countries like Brazil and South Africa betting on this technology as part of their energy diversification.

The role of this energy source in global decarbonization is fundamental. With this technology, significant amounts of energy can be produced while minimizing the environmental impact. And even though Global Wind Day is celebrated every June 15, we don't need to wait until that date to remember the importance of this natural element. As long as its development continues to promote respect for the planet, the winds will continue to blow in its favor.